阀门是用来开闭管路、控制流向、调节和控制输送介质的参数（温度、压力和流量）的管路附件。根据其功能，可分为关断阀、止回阀、调节阀等。

　　Valves are pipeline accessories used to open and close pipelines, control flow direction, regulate and control the parameters of the conveying medium (temperature, pressure, and flow). According to their functions, they can be divided into shut-off valves, check valves, regulating valves, etc.

　　阀门是流体输送系统中的控制部件，具有截止、调节、导流、防止逆流、稳压、分流或溢流泄压等功能。用于流体控制系统的阀门，从简单的截止阀到极为复杂的自控系统中所用的各种阀门，其品种和规格相当繁多。

　　Valves are control components in fluid transport systems, with functions such as shut-off, regulation, diversion, prevention of backflow, stabilization, diversion, or overflow pressure relief. Valves used in fluid control systems have a wide variety of varieties and specifications, from the simplest globe valves to various valves used in extremely complex self-control systems.

　　阀门可用于控制空气、水、蒸汽、各种腐蚀性介质、泥浆、油品、液态金属和放射性介质等各种类型流体的流动。阀门根据材质还分为铸铁阀门，铸钢阀门，不锈钢阀门（201、304、316等），铬钼钢阀门，铬钼钒钢阀门，双相钢阀门，塑料阀门，非标订制阀门等。

　　Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metals, and radioactive media. Valves can be divided into cast iron valves, cast steel valves, stainless steel valves (201, 304, 316, etc.), chromium molybdenum steel valves, chromium molybdenum vanadium steel valves, duplex steel valves, plastic valves, non-standard customized valves, etc. according to their materials.

　　一：截断类

　　1： Truncation class

　　主要用于切断流体管道中流体，阻止流体流动，是常见阀门类型之一。

　　It is mainly used to cut off fluid in fluid pipelines, prevent fluid flow, and is one of the most common types of valves.

　　1、闸阀

　　1. Gate valve

　　闸阀是一个启闭件闸板，闸板的运动方向与流体方向相垂直，闸阀只能作全开和全关，不能作调节和节流。闸阀通过阀座和闸板接触进行密封，通常密封面会堆焊金属材料以增加耐磨性，如堆焊1Cr13、STL6、不锈钢等。闸板有刚性闸板和弹性闸板，根据闸板的不同，闸阀分为刚性闸阀和弹性闸阀。

　　A gate valve is an opening and closing component, and its movement direction is perpendicular to the fluid direction. A gate valve can only be fully opened and fully closed, and cannot be adjusted or throttled. Gate valves are sealed by the contact between the valve seat and the gate plate, and the sealing surface is usually welded with metal materials to increase wear resistance, such as 1Cr13, STL6, stainless steel, etc. There are rigid gate valves and elastic gate valves. According to the different gate valves, gate valves are divided into rigid gate valves and elastic gate valves.

　　2、截止阀

　　2. Globe valve

　　截止阀分为闸阀、截止蝶阀、截止球阀等，分别适用于不同的介质、温度和压力等条件。闸阀适用于中低压的介质，截止蝶阀结构简单适用范围广，而截止球阀可用于高温高压的介质控制。

　　Globe valves are divided into gate valves, globe butterfly valves, globe ball valves, etc., which are suitable for different media, temperatures, pressures, and other conditions. Gate valves are suitable for medium and low pressure media, globe butterfly valves have a simple structure and a wide range of applications, while globe ball valves can be used for controlling high temperature and high pressure media.

　　3、球阀

　　3. Ball valve

　　球阀，启闭件（球体）由阀杆带动，并绕球阀轴线作旋转运动的阀门。亦可用于流体的调节与控制，其中硬密封V型球阀其V型球芯与堆焊硬质合金的金属阀座之间具有很强的剪切力，特别适用于含纤维、微小固体颗料等的介质。而多通球阀在管道上不仅可灵活控制介质的合流、分流、及流向的切换，同时也可关闭任一通道而使另外两个通道相连。本类阀门在管道中一般应当水平安装。球阀按照驱动方式分为：气动球阀，电动球阀，手动球阀。

　　Ball valve, the opening and closing element (ball) is driven by the valve stem and rotates around the axis of the ball valve. It can also be used for fluid regulation and control, among which the hard sealed V-shaped ball valve has strong shear force between its V-shaped core and the metal valve seat of the welded hard alloy, especially suitable for media containing fibers, small solid particles, etc. The multi way ball valve on the pipeline can not only flexibly control the merging, splitting, and switching of the flow direction of the medium, but also close any channel to connect the other two channels. This type of valve should generally be installed horizontally in pipelines. Ball valves are divided into pneumatic ball valves, electric ball valves, and manual ball valves according to their driving methods.

　　4、蝶阀

　　4. Butterfly valve

　　蝶阀又叫翻板阀，是一种结构简单的调节阀，可用于低压管道介质的开关控制的蝶阀是指关闭件（阀瓣或蝶板）为圆盘，围绕阀轴旋转来达到开启与关闭的一种阀。阀门可用于控制空气、水、蒸汽、各种腐蚀性介质、泥浆、油品、液态金属和放射性介质等各种类型流体的流动。在管道上主要起切断和节流作用。蝶阀启闭件是一个圆盘形的蝶板，在阀体内绕其自身的轴线旋转，从而达到启闭或调节的目的。

　　Butterfly valve, also known as flap valve, is a type of regulating valve with a simple structure that can be used for on/off control of low-pressure pipeline media. Butterfly valve refers to a valve whose closing element (valve disc or butterfly plate) is a disc that rotates around the valve axis to achieve opening and closing. Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metals, and radioactive media. It mainly plays a role in cutting off and throttling on pipelines. The butterfly valve opening and closing component is a disc-shaped butterfly plate that rotates around its own axis inside the valve body to achieve the purpose of opening, closing, or adjusting.

　　5、旋塞阀

　　5. Plug valve

　　旋塞阀是关闭件或柱塞形的旋转阀，通过旋转90度使阀塞上的通道口与阀体上的通道口相通或分开，实现开启或关闭的一种阀门。它的阀塞的形状可成圆柱形或圆锥形。在圆柱形阀塞中，通道一般成矩形；而在锥形阀塞中，通道成梯形。这些形状使旋塞阀的结构变得轻巧。适于作为切断和接通介质以及分流适用，但是依据适用的性质和密封面的耐冲蚀性，有时也可用于节流。

　　A plug valve is a rotary valve with a closing element or plunger shape, which opens or closes by rotating 90 degrees to connect or separate the channel port on the valve plug and the channel port on the valve body. The shape of its valve plug can be cylindrical or conical. In cylindrical valve plugs, the channel is generally rectangular; In the conical valve plug, the channel is trapezoidal. These shapes make the structure of the plug valve lightweight. It is most suitable for use as a cutting and connecting medium as well as for diversion, but depending on the nature of the application and the erosion resistance of the sealing surface, it can sometimes also be used for throttling.

　　6、隔膜阀

　　6. Diaphragm valve

　　隔膜阀是用隔膜作启闭件封闭流道、截断流体、并将阀体内腔和阀盖内腔隔开的截止阀。隔膜常用橡胶、塑料等弹性、耐腐蚀、非渗透性材料制成。 阀体多用塑料、玻璃钢、陶瓷或金属衬胶材料制成。 结构简单、密封和防腐性能较好，流体阻力小。用于 低压、低温、腐蚀性较强和含悬浮物质的介质。按结构形式分有屋脊式、截止式、闸板式等。按驱动方式分有手动、气动、电动。

　　Diaphragm valve is a shut-off valve that uses a diaphragm as an opening and closing element to close the flow channel, cut off the fluid, and separate the inner cavity of the valve body and the inner cavity of the valve cover. Diaphragm is commonly made of elastic, corrosion-resistant, and impermeable materials such as rubber and plastic. Valve bodies are often made of plastic, fiberglass, ceramic, or metal lining materials. Simple structure, good sealing and anti-corrosion performance, and low fluid resistance. Used for media with low pressure, low temperature, strong corrosiveness, and suspended substances. According to the structural form, there are ridge type, cut-off type, gate type, etc. According to the driving mode, there are manual, pneumatic, and electric.

　　二：止回类

　　2： Return type

　　通常用于防止流体倒流，避免管道和设备的破坏。

　　Usually used to prevent fluid backflow and prevent damage to pipelines and equipment.

　　1、缓闭止回阀

　　1. Slow closing check valve

　　缓闭止回阀又称逆止阀，其作用是防止管路中的介质倒流。启闭件靠介质流动和力量自行开启或关闭，以防止介质倒流的阀门。止回阀属于自动阀类，主要用于介质单向流动的管道上，只允许介质向一个方向流动，以防止发生事故。本类阀门在管道中一般应当水平安装。

　　Slow closing check valve, also known as check valve, is used to prevent the backflow of medium in the pipeline. A valve that opens or closes by the flow and force of the medium to prevent backflow of the medium. Check valves belong to the category of automatic valves and are mainly used in pipelines where the medium flows in one direction. They only allow the medium to flow in one direction to prevent accidents. This type of valve should generally be installed horizontally in pipelines.

　　2、橡胶瓣止回阀

　　2. Rubber flap check valve

　　用于防止池水倒流给水系统中的设备，橡胶瓣止回阀的零部件设计主要由阀体、阀盖及橡胶瓣三种主要零件组成。

　　The rubber flap check valve is a device used to prevent pool water from flowing back into the water supply system. Its component design mainly consists of three main parts: the valve body, valve cover, and rubber flap.

　　3、消声止回阀

　　3. Silencing check valve

　　消声止回阀是指依靠介质本身流动而自动开、闭阀瓣，用来防止介质倒流的阀门，又称逆止阀、单向阀、消声止回阀逆流阀、和背压阀。止回阀属于一种自动阀门，其主要作用是防止介质倒流、防止泵及驱动电动机反转，以及容器介质的泄放。止回阀还可用于给其中的压力可能升超过系统压的辅助系统提供补给的管路上。止回阀主要可分为旋启式止回阀（依旋转）与升降式止回阀（沿轴线移动）。

　　Silencing check valve refers to a valve that automatically opens and closes the valve disc based on the flow of the medium itself, used to prevent the backflow of the medium. It is also known as a check valve, one-way valve, silencing check valve, backflow valve, and back pressure valve. Check valve belongs to an automatic valve, whose main function is to prevent medium backflow, prevent pump and drive motor from reversing, and prevent the release of container medium. Check valves can also be used on pipelines to supply auxiliary systems where the pressure may rise above the system pressure. Check valves can be mainly divided into swing check valves (rotating according to the center of gravity) and lift check valves (moving along the axis).

　　三：调节类

　　3： Adjustment category

　　通过调节其阀芯或阀板的开度来控制流体的流量、压力和温度等参数。常见的调节阀有调节蝶阀、调节球阀、调节闸阀等。

　　By adjusting the opening of its valve core or valve plate, the flow rate, pressure, temperature and other parameters of the fluid can be controlled. Common regulating valves include butterfly valves, ball valves, and gate valves.

　　1、减压阀

　　1. Pressure reducing valve

　　减压阀是通过调节，将进口压力减某一需要的出口压力，并依靠介质本身的能量，使出口压力自动保持稳定的阀门。从流体力学的观点看，减压阀是一个局部阻力可以变化的节流元件，即通过改变节流面积，使流速及流体的动能改变，造成不同的压力损失，从而达到减压的目的。然后依靠控制与调节系统的调节，使阀后压力的波动与弹簧力相平衡，使阀后压力在一定的误差范围内保持恒定。

　　A pressure reducing valve is a valve that adjusts the inlet pressure to a desired outlet pressure, and relies on the energy of the medium itself to automatically maintain a stable outlet pressure. From the perspective of fluid mechanics, a pressure reducing valve is a throttling element with variable local resistance. By changing the throttling area, the flow velocity and kinetic energy of the fluid are altered, resulting in different pressure losses and achieving the purpose of pressure reduction. Then, relying on the adjustment of the control and regulation system, the fluctuation of the pressure behind the valve is balanced with the spring force, so that the pressure behind the valve remains constant within a certain error range.

　　2、压力调节阀

　　2. Pressure regulating valve

　　压力调节阀亦称自力式平衡阀、流量控制阀、流量控制器、动态平衡阀、流量平衡阀，是一种直观简便的流量调节控制装置，管网中应用流量调节阀可直接根据设计来设定流量，阀门可在水作用下，自动管线的剩余压头及压力波动所引起的流量偏差，无论系统压力怎样变化均保持设定流量不变，该阀这些功能使管网流量调节一次完成，把调网工作变为简单的流量分配，有效的管网的水力失调。流量调节阀主要应用于：集中供热（冷）等水系统中，使管网流量按需分配，水系统水力失调，冷热不均问题。

　　Pressure regulating valve, also known as self operated balance valve, flow control valve, flow controller, dynamic balance valve, flow balance valve, is an intuitive and simple flow regulation control device. The application of flow regulating valve in the pipeline network can directly set the flow according to the design. The valve can automatically eliminate the flow deviation caused by the residual pressure head and pressure fluctuation of the pipeline under the action of water, and maintain the set flow rate unchanged no matter how the system pressure changes. These functions of the valve enable the flow regulation of the pipeline network to be completed in one go, turning the network adjustment work into a simple flow distribution and effectively solving the hydraulic imbalance of the pipeline network. Flow regulating valves are mainly used in centralized heating (cooling) and other water systems to distribute pipe network flow according to demand, eliminate hydraulic imbalance in water systems, and solve the problem of uneven heating and cooling.

　　四：类

　　4： Security category

　　在介质压力超过规定值时， 用来排放多余的介质， 保证管路系统及设备，是一种用于控制介质压力的阀门，能在系统压力过高时自动打开并排放压力，以保护系统和设备的性。

　　When the medium pressure exceeds the specified value, it is used to discharge excess medium to ensure the safety of the pipeline system and equipment. It is a valve used to control the medium pressure, which can automatically open and discharge pressure when the system pressure is too high to protect the safety of the system and equipment.

　　阀

　　Safety valve

　　阀是启闭件受外力作用下处于常闭状态，当设备或管道内的介质压力升高超过规定值时，通过向系统外排放介质来防止管道或设备内介质压力超过规定数值的特殊阀门。阀属于自动阀类，主要用于锅炉、压力容器和管道上，控制压力不超过规定值，对人身和设备运行起重要保护作用。注阀必须经过压力试验才能使用。

　　A safety valve is a special valve that is in a normally closed state when the opening and closing components are subjected to external forces. When the pressure of the medium inside the equipment or pipeline exceeds the specified value, the valve discharges the medium outside the system to prevent the pressure of the medium inside the pipeline or equipment from exceeding the specified value. Safety valves belong to the category of automatic valves, mainly used in boilers, pressure vessels, and pipelines to control pressure not exceeding the specified value, playing an important protective role in personal safety and equipment operation. The safety valve must undergo a pressure test before it can be used.

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