The pump is the central installation of the fluid industry. Its function is like the heart of the human body, providing power for the fluid in each installation in the system and ensuring the normal operation of the process flow. Commonly used pumps are divided into vane pumps, positive displacement pumps, special purpose pumps, etc. Among them, centrifugal pump in vane pump is widely used.

离心泵运转过程中需求防止两个问题：停泵水锤和低于小流量。处理这两类问题，办法较多，但根本思想都是如何盘绕离心泵配置一套适宜的系统。在这些系统里阀门起着十分重要的作用，而且随着这两类问题认识的加深，降生了许多专用阀门。

Two problems need to be prevented during the operation of centrifugal pump: water hammer when stopping the pump and low flow. There are many ways to deal with these two kinds of problems, but the fundamental idea is how to coil the centrifugal pump and configure a suitable system. In these systems, valves play a very important role, and with the deepening understanding of these two kinds of problems, many special valves have been born.

一、停泵水锤维护与阀门

1、 Pump stop water hammer maintenance and valve

水锤是压力管道中介质流速的猛烈变化惹起的一系列急剧的压力交替升降的水击现象。水锤的危害十分大，能够击毁泵、管路以及其它设备。压力管道中的水锤产生缘由有很多，比方阀门的快速关闭、非正常停泵等。

Water hammer is a series of sharp water hammer phenomena of alternating pressure rise and fall caused by the violent change of medium velocity in the penstock. Water hammer is very harmful and can destroy pumps, pipelines and other equipment. There are many reasons for the water hammer in the pressure pipeline, such as the rapid closure of the valve, abnormal pump shutdown, etc.

停泵水锤产活力理

Shut down the pump and water hammer to produce energy

当因非正常缘由，比方断电，泵忽然中止工作：初始阶段时，管道内的介质依托惯性继续行进，但速度逐步减为零;此时，假如管道布置存在上下落差，介质在重力的作用下将向泵倒流;当倒流介质到达一定速度时，泵出口处的止回阀将疾速关闭，这样，抵达此处的大量介质的速度忽然变成零，惹起此处介质压力急剧升高—停泵水锤产生。大量文献指出，停泵水锤产生的主要原是水泵出口处的止回阀忽然关闭。但有研讨标明，固然某些状况下泵出口处的止回阀能够取消的，但大多数状况下，为避免大量介质倒流进离心泵，泵出口处的防倒流设置是必需的。

When the pump suddenly stops working due to abnormal reasons, such as power failure: in the initial stage, the medium in the pipeline continues to travel relying on inertia, but the speed gradually decreases to zero; At this time, if there is an up-down drop in the pipeline layout, the medium will flow back to the pump under the action of gravity; When the backflow medium reaches a certain speed, the check valve at the pump outlet will close quickly. In this way, the speed of a large amount of medium arriving here suddenly becomes zero, causing a sharp rise in medium pressure here - pump stop water hammer. A large number of documents pointed out that the main reason for the water hammer caused by stopping the pump was the sudden closure of the check valve at the outlet of the pump. However, some studies have shown that although the check valve at the pump outlet can be cancelled in some cases, in most cases, the anti backflow setting at the pump outlet is necessary to avoid a large amount of medium backflow into the centrifugal pump.

停泵水锤防止措施

Measures to prevent water hammer when stopping the pump

防止停泵水锤危害的措施有许多，比方装置水锤消弭器、泄压阀、调压罐等，以下只引见两种应用较多、与通用阀门相关的措施。

There are many measures to prevent the harm of water hammer caused by pump shutdown, such as installing water hammer eliminators, pressure relief valves, pressure regulating tanks, etc. the following only introduces two measures that are widely used and related to general valves.

1、设置缓闭止回阀

1. Set slow closing check valve

缓闭止回阀是一种经过增加执行机构、阻尼器而完成迟缓关闭的止回阀。上图为装置有缓闭止回阀的离心泵停泵水锤维护系统简图，此时缓闭止回阀需求配合闸阀(开关阀)运用。当介质在重力作用下倒流时，止回阀迟缓关闭，有效地防止了因普通止回阀忽然关闭产生的水锤。其缺陷为由于关闭速度较慢，一局部介质不可防止地倒流进入离心泵，泵因而可能会产活力械毛病。

Slow closing check valve is a kind of check valve that completes slow closing by adding actuator and damper. The above figure is the schematic diagram of the water hammer maintenance system of centrifugal pump with slow closing check valve. At this time, the slow closing check valve needs to be used with the gate valve (on-off valve). When the medium flows back under the action of gravity, the check valve closes slowly, effectively preventing the water hammer caused by the sudden closure of the ordinary check valve. Its defect is that due to the slow closing speed, a part of the medium cannot be prevented from flowing back into the centrifugal pump, so the pump may have mechanical problems.

2、设置缓闭止回蝶阀

2. Set slow closing check butterfly valve

这是一种在大型水利系统中应用比拟普遍、效果比拟好的办法。缓闭止回蝶阀由蝶阀、执行构造及液压控制系统构成。上图为装置有缓闭止回蝶阀的离心泵停泵水锤维护系统简图。该系统只需装置缓闭止回蝶阀即可，即能起到止回阀的作用又能起到开关阀的作用。当离心泵开启的时分，其按先慢后快的步骤开启，保证泵低载开启;当泵忽然中止工作时，其按先快后慢的步骤关闭，即能够防止水锤的产生，又能够防止过多的介质倒流经过泵，惹起泵的机械毛病。

This is a method which is widely used and has good effect in large-scale water conservancy system. The slow closing check butterfly valve is composed of butterfly valve, executive structure and hydraulic control system. The above figure is the schematic diagram of water hammer maintenance system of centrifugal pump with slow closing check butterfly valve. The system only needs to install slow closing check butterfly valve, which can play the role of check valve and on-off valve. When the centrifugal pump is started, it shall be started slowly and then quickly to ensure that the pump is started under low load; When the pump suddenly stops working, it will be shut down according to the steps from fast to slow, which can not only prevent the generation of water hammer, but also prevent too much medium from flowing back through the pump, causing mechanical problems of the pump.

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